Nanoscale polysaccharide derivative as an AEG-1 siRNA carrier for effective osteosarcoma therapy

Background Nanomedicine, which is the application of nanotechnology in medicine to make medical diagnosis and treatment more accurate, has great potential for precision medicine. Despite some improvements in nanomedicine, the lack of efficient and low-toxic vectors remains a major obstacle. Objective The aim of this study was to prepare an efficient and low-toxic vector which could deliver astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) small interfering RNA (siRNA; siAEG-1) into osteosarcoma cells effectively and silence the targeted gene both in vitro and in vivo. Materials and methods We prepared a novel polysaccharide derivative by click conjugation of azidized chitosan with propargyl focal point poly (L-lysine) dendrons (PLLD) and subsequent coupling with folic acid (FA; Cs-g-PLLD-FA). We confirmed the complexation of siAEG-1and Cs-g-PLLD or Cs-g-PLLD-FA by gel retardation assay. We examined the cell cytotoxicity, cell uptake, cell proliferation and invasion abilities of Cs-g-PLLD-FA/siAEG-1 in osteosarcoma cells. In osteosarcoma 143B cells tumor-bearing mice models, we established the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cs-g-PLLD-FA/siAEG-1. Results Cs-g-PLLD-FA could completely encapsulate siAEG-1 and showed low cytotoxicity in osteosarcoma cells and tumour-bearing mice. The Cs-g-PLLD-FA/siAEG-1 nanocomplexes were capable of transferring siAEG-1 into osteosarcoma cells efficiently, and the knockdown of AEG-1 resulted in the inhibition of tumour cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, caudal vein injecting of Cs-g-PLLD-FA/siAEG-1 complexes inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in tumor-bearing mice by silencing AEG-1 and regulating MMP-2/9. Conclusion In summary, Cs-g-PLLD-FA nanoparticles are a promising system for the effective delivery of AEG-1 siRNA for treating osteosarcoma.